37. Females and Patients with Low Socioeconomic Status Are Less Likely to Undergo Multi-Arterial Grafting

Dr. Marc Ruel is a Professor and the Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Chair at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. He is the incoming Chief of the Division of Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Helen and Charles Schwab Distinguished Professor of Surgery in the Department of Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Ruel will also serve as Co-Director of the UCSF Health Heart and Vascular Center.
 
For 11 years, Dr. Ruel served as Chair and Chief of Cardiac Surgery at the University of Ottawa, where he spearheaded remarkable growth in surgical activity, quality, innovation, academic achievements, advanced surgical education, and global outreach.
 
Dr. Ruel pioneered multiarterial minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery worldwide, along with several other cardiac surgical techniques. His career has been dedicated to making cardiac surgery less invasive and achieving better patient outcomes. Dr. Ruel has performed cardiac surgeries as a visiting professor at many institutions around the world and has trained hundreds of heart surgeons from every continent.
 
A prolific scholar, Dr. Ruel has published 500 scientific papers and chapters, authored six books, and delivered over 350 invited lectures, most of them internationally. His primary textbook on Cardiac Surgical Techniques is now in its third edition and is available in 4 languages. Dr. Ruel leads key international trials in cardiac surgery and is the recipient of numerous academic and public awards, including Queen Elizabeth II’s Diamond Jubilee Medal. The laboratory research program founded by Dr. Ruel (www.beatsresearch.com) has also made significant translational contributions.
 
Dr. Ruel serves as Surgery Editor for the journal Circulation, Canadian Director for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and North American Director for the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery. 

Dr. Catherine Wagner is a PGY-5 integrated cardiothoracic surgery resident at the University of Michigan. She is interested in cardiac surgery quality, sex outcomes disparities, and childbearing during training. Dr. Wagner is interested in pursuing a career in academic cardiac surgery.